Marriage in Peru and the world continues to be an institution that attracts couples; however, due to a series of personal factors, it ends up deteriorating the relationship, resulting in the separation of the bond. In Peru, according to recent data, the separation of marriages has increased, reaching its highest peak in 2021, registering 7,386 cases published in the Public Registries. The regions of Lima, Arequipa, La Libertad and Piura in the north of Perú are the ones with the highest rate of divorces, concentrating 79% of the cases [1]. From the perspective of Bodensee [2], the divorce figures in Latin America are alarming, since the divorce rate has doubled four times more. These data have been corroborated by an investigation carried out by the United Nations (UN) in a population made up of women from Latin America and the Caribbean, where it is pointed out that child and adolescent marriage or cohabitation before the age of 18 continues to cause serious problems, turning the region into a one of the highest in single-parent households. These bulky figures attract attention, because it allows us to deduce that life as a couple is going through a strong crisis with painful consequences, especially for children.

In Chile, García & Ilabaca [3] published a study related to the separation of couples, coping and psychological well-being in young adults, for which 227 people of both sexes participated, whose ages ranged between 18 and 35 years and with a characteristic common: having ended the couple's relationship in recent years. To evaluate the study variables, they used the CSI Coping Strategies Inventory and psychological well-being with the Riff Psychological Well-Being Scale modified by Díaz. The study mentions that separation from the relationship is the best decision, since it allows mentally restructuring the separation, which leads to initiating the grieving process, with the consequent acquisition of a better emotional panorama. The study extracts as important data the support of friends and family and the psychological balance, as it allows finding understanding and advice, the result of which leads to transform the negative state of mind to a positive outlook, related to a better meaning of the meaning of life. (Which includes the search for and psychological balance. Consequently, the search for social support is a way of coping with problems, leading the patient to find emotional tranquility and the advent of new behaviors, leaving aside self-criticism and wishful thinking.

In Peru, approximately 70,000 couples get married each year, and at the same time, around 14,000 divorces are reported, which is equivalent to saying that, out of 5 marriages, one ends up getting divorced; Among the reasons for the separations are the arrival of the first child during the first year; marital infidelity problems; inadequate couple communication; at 11 and 20 years of cohabitation, the empty nest syndrome reappears [4]. A study carried out in Cajamarca by Chingay (2021), showed that there are four most frequent causes of divorce: adultery (21%), physical or psychological violence (18%), registered divorces and the attack against the spouse and due to differences irreconcilable. Rodríguez [5] finds emotional dependence as a central problem in couples; Anguita [6] has also studied this topic, rescuing low self-esteem and poor awareness of the problem as the cause of the separation. The study by Carrasco et al. [7] highlights the repercussions of the breakup such as depression, anxiety and self-destructive behaviors. Among the causes of the rupture, they point out physical-emotional abuse. Spinoza et al. [8] also highlight the decrease in self-concept as an effect of the breakup.

For his part, Montano [9], has developed a work in which she seeks to describe certain characteristics of women aged 20 to 35 who are mistreated by their partners; we worked based on a population of 58 women; Among the conclusions, learned helplessness (90%) due to mistreatment by their partners stands out; another group of victims was represented by low self-esteem, dependency traits, fear, and a lower frequency of depression and anxiety. Due to the incidence of abuse, the study was able to determine that, mostly, they had received psychological, physical, economic and sexual abuse. Another of the conclusive points of the investigation is that the abuse was centered on women who had only passed primary and secondary school; It is also possible to show that the women who decided to finish their university careers did so out of conviction and against their partners; They also note that several of the conflicts were due to the fact that their partners were opposed to them continuing with their studies and this brought with it the breakup with their partner. It is possible to demonstrate that women who married at a later age (25 years and older), had better resources to overcome conflicts, but not so with women who had joined at 18 or younger, being the most attacked. Finally, it is shown that the women who were living together without a legal commitment were the most mistreated, even before living together; and the women who had made a courtship were less mistreated.

The study of four cases by Carmona [10], focused on the responses of grief after loss and on intervention techniques, determines that low self-esteem and negative labeling are one of the causes of discomfort in the couple. It is also shown that the affected person becomes guilty, feeling that they did little or wrong to safeguard the integrity of the relationship. One of the consequences found of abuse in the relationship was related to a negative view of herself and a distorted emotional repercussion, that is, fear of pain, not finding a new partner, not getting out of sadness and pain. All these feelings led them to continue enduring abuse from their partners; It has even been possible to reveal a false conception of themselves, becoming sexual means of their partners so that they do not distance themselves from them. As therapeutic proposals, it is proposed to work on empathy, translating into an understanding of pain, warmth to express frustration, identification of the lost object and mental-emotional decongestion. It is also suggested to work on the promotion of new beliefs, such as deliberative guides on life and love schemes, cognitive-behavioral restructuring, new forms on functional attributions of loss and strengthening of self-love.

The problem that has been described above leads to the perception that there is an urgent need to investigate this topic further, because it allows finding control mechanisms or strategies with which the problem that the person who has been chosen can be faced with. To carry out this case study and that, at the same time, becomes a "means" to be able to learn to use the tools of experimental psychology.

Carrying out a study about the effects that positive reinforcers may have in a case study, related to the separation of the couple, where there has been a series of problems that have been marking the existence of the affected person, constitutes an instrument relevant in that, from this experience, it was possible to extract certain positive lessons, which have been applied to the case studied, and could be transferred to other similar cases. In this sense, the study that was carried out was of great social utility. In turn, the application of positive reinforcer strategies have made it possible to find solution mechanisms, because it was planned to test the efficacy of some elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, such as the series of feelings and actions that enable the person to manage the stressful situation you are going through. It was also proposed to apply coping focused on transcendence, so that he begins to overcome the past and work on a new life project towards the future.

From the theoretical approach, the research sought to collect a series of concepts, theories, therapeutic proposals, methodologies used by positive reinforcement [11]; Rodrigo, [12], it also allowed to investigate, in the published studies, those results and recommendations that they are made. All these theoretical elements allowed us to understand the complexity of the topic that was addressed, and at the same time, served as support to organize the work proposal with the person involved in the case study. And from the methodological approach, this research, in the first place, allowed to know, more thoroughly, the different methodological approaches of experimental psychology; secondly, it meant learning for researchers about the domain of therapy focused on positive reinforcement, in relation to a case of couple separation; thirdly, it was possible to know the different therapeutic approaches proposed by specialists in approach from positive coping. Finally, from the study of the various theories of coping, certain strategies were designed in order to work with the patient and be able to modify negative behaviors, managing to structure a new meaning of herself and her surrounding world. To achieve this goal, the effect of positive reinforcement on coping with couple separation was determined in a case study, Chiclayo 2021.